Tuesday, December 31, 2019

The World Of Genetic Engineering - 1968 Words

A large majority of Homo sapiens do not appreciate the existence of bacteria, as evinced by the myriad hand sanitizer bottles ubiquitous in daily life, boasting, â€Å"Kills 99.9% of germs.† This is a highly rational response to the group of microscopic organisms, of which it is true many are malignant to maintaining homeostasis as agents of disease. However, bacteria are essential to the world’s functioning, with important roles and many benefits. Recently, scientists studying certain bacteria have found a mechanism in their immune systems that can alter the very code of life, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). This new tool is called Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR/Cas9), and has revolutionized the world of genetic engineering. CRISPR/Cas9 is less expensive, more accurate, and more effective, making this method much more amicable and available to the common geneticist compared to former techniques such as Transcription Activator Like E ffector Nucleases (TALENs) and Zinc-Fingered Nucleases (ZFNs). This availability and potential applicability to the human genome raises important questions about ethics and modification of subsequent generations of humans. CRISPR has brought bioethicists and scientists together to demarcate the limits of genetic modification. Most agree aberrations to the human race as a whole may result in unforeseeable and irrevocable effects. Although genetic engineering performed on human beings is indubitably an avenueShow MoreRelatedApplication Of Genetic Engineering On The World1606 Words   |  7 PagesApplication of Genetic Engineering on Taro Adam Mohamed 10/23/2015 Introduction The field of genetic engineering is very promising, pertaining to the future of agriculture around the world. Research in this area is allowing for more and more improvements to the various aspects of a crop such as yield, visual quality, taste, nutritional value, disease immunity, and cold resistance, as well as many other benefits. A further understanding of both the genetics of crops and how to influenceRead MoreGenetic Engineering: Brave New World1012 Words   |  5 PagesGenetic engineering has been around for many years and is widely used all over the planet. Many people don’t realize that genetic engineering is part of their daily lives and diet. Today, almost 70 percent of processed foods from a grocery store were genetically engineered. Genetic engineering can be in plants, foods, animals, and even humans. Although debates about genetic engineering still exist, many people have accepted due to the health benefits of gene therapy. The lack of knowledge has alwaysR ead MoreGenetic Engineering and a Brave New World1694 Words   |  7 PagesGenetic Engineering is one of the current hot button topics of our world today and its also the fundamental theme in widely know novels such as Brave New World and My Sister’s Keeper. But what exactly is Genetic Engineering? What exactly does Genetic Engineering entail? Genetic Engineering in its self is a mammoth and board field, yet not many people actually know or even understand the diversity that Genetic Engineering entails. When most people perceive the slightest sound of the word GeneticRead MoreGenetic Engineering : A World Where Autism And Downs Syndrome1270 Words   |  6 PagesGenetic Engineering Imagine a world where autism and downs syndrome are a thing of the past, and where there is no shortage on food for anybody. Over the years mankind has developed and improved technology to save more and more lives through the manipulation of the DNA that makes up all living organisms. However, there are those who oppose this approach. Despite the risks and ethical concerns, genetic engineering holds the potential to benefit humanity through both direct and indirect means. InRead More Genetic Engineering and the End of the World As We Know It Essay1405 Words   |  6 PagesIts The End Of The World As We Know It (And I Feel Fine) --- From a Song by REM Having completed the Human Genome Project, scientists now seek to uncover the secrets of the human proteome (Begley 1). It is guesstimated that the proteome, meaning all the proteins, will involve up to 1000 times more data than the genome did. But this again brings us to the question: What will the scientific and medical communities do with all this information? deCode Genetics, partnered with Roche HoldingRead More Genetic Engineering: Our Key to a Better World Essay1128 Words   |  5 Pages What is genetic engineering one might ask and why is there so much moral controversy surrounding the topic? Genetic engineering as defined by Pete Moore, is the name given to a wide variety of techniques that have one thing in common: they all allow the biologist to take a gene from one cell and insert it into another (SS1). Such techniques included in genetic engineering (both good and bad) are, genetic screening both during the fetal stage and later in life, gene therapy, sex selectionRead MoreEssay on Genetic Engineering Can Be Beneficial in the Modern World1924 Words   |  8 Pageshave now applied what they have learned in the study of genetics to help modify and improve the properties of plants and organisms that we can benefit greatly from. Genetic engineering can be beneficial for humanity in the modern age as they are considered safe, able to support the demand of resources by the ever-increasing human population, and provide potential cure to many incurable diseases and p ossible life extension. Genetic engineered products that have been approved for use in theRead MoreGenetic Engineering in Donny and Ursula Save the World by Sharon Weil666 Words   |  3 Pagesgoes on† (Robert Frost). People from the beginning of civilization have cultivated crops ranging from methods of fermentation to classical selection for desired traits. In essence, genetic modification is not a new concept only conceived in the twentieth century; it has been occurring for millenias. Genetic engineering is only a step forward as the latest form of gene selection utilizing biotechnology, which merely catalyzes processes that previously required generations upon generations to that ofRead MoreAn Enhanced Genotype: Ethical Issues Involved with Genetic Engineering and their Impact as Revealed by Brave New World2301 Words   |  10 PagesEnhanced Genotype: Ethical Issues Involved with Genetic Engineering and their Impact as Revealed by Brave New World Human society always attempts to better itself through the use of technology. Thus far, as a species, we have already achieved much: mastery of electronics, flight, and space travel. However, the field in which the most progress is currently being made is Biology, specifically Genetic Engineering. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, humanity has taken control of reproduction and biologyRead MoreBenefits Of Genetically Engineered Food1240 Words   |  5 PagesThe alteration of plant and animal genetic codes for the ultimate purpose of increasing food abundance is an increasingly popular, yet controversial practice in the 21st century. Genetic engineering of food is done for a number of reasons, the biggest of which is increasing food supplies in the world, especially for the third world countries. However, there are arguments and even activist movements against genetic engineering of food, which begs the question â€Å"why is genetically engineered food so

Monday, December 23, 2019

Library Management - 1847 Words

Stephanie Library Management The creation of library management is crucial for any type of libraries that wish to work effectively in the ever changing environments. With elements like worker efficiency, introduction of technology, and the changes of cultural environment managers are always looking for ways to create an efficient environment for their workers as well as those they serve. When it comes to management systems, there are two different types that are examined in this paper. These type models include the Luther Gulick’s POSDCORB, as well as the Mintzberg’s managerial model. While examine these models, there was also comparison done to current library management. Are these two models still in use, or has the uses of these†¦show more content†¦After much deliberation, the chosen methodology to effectively examine the manger to see whether these models are still used was a combination of two different aspects, which are the observation and the interviewing technique. Observation wa s chosen since the examinee had easy access to the chosen manager, and proved to most reliable for firsthand examination of these models. The interview process was also chosen on the premise of the time table of observation could possibly not process most of the elements that both of the chosen models required. The manager was observed from afar for a span of a week, from thirty minutes to an hour each day. This technique was chosen to most effective since by spreading out the observation times, the manager would more than likely be engaged in different aspects of these models and provide more varied data. This technique was also chosen because it was less obtrusive for the manager and flexible for the examinee when gathering data. Those elements that weren’t seen through observation were discussed in the interview process at great length. Analysis of data collected Analysis of data :collected Week of October 18/22 The observation phase of the research was highly successful when examining the number of ways the manager handled a number of situations internally andShow MoreRelatedLibrary Management System1779 Words   |  8 PagesStudy 7.2 Conclusion and Justification Chapter 8 8.1 Recommendation 1.1 Introduction The LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM is a data processing to perform routine Library activities. This system is concerned with developing a library management system using visual basic. In this system the library management becomes more efficient and easier to handle with its reliable system components. Library system was developed in order to make computerized the borrowing and returning of books, return booksRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pages Library and Information Center Management Recent Titles in Library and Information Science Text Series Library and Information Center Management, Sixth Edition Robert D. Stueart and Barbara B. Moran United States Government Information: Policies and Sources Peter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea, Robert E. Dugan, and Joan F. Cheverie Library Information Systems: From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to AcquisitionsRead MoreLibrary Management System6342 Words   |  26 PagesValeriano Fugoso Public Library Integrated Library System A Case Study Presented to the Department of Information Computer Studies Faculty of Engineering University of Santo Tomas In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in Database Management Systems October 2010 Title Page Table of Contents 1. Introduction. 2. About the Company 1. Background and History 2. Organizational Chart 3. Contact Person/s 3. The Current System 1. DetailedRead MoreQuality Management in Academic Libraries Essay1288 Words   |  6 PagesQuality management has been extensively applied within the manufacturing industry over a decade. later, the service industry has increasingly emphasized this area. Quality management is increasingly integrated into library services, following their perceived success in manufacturing industries with particular emphasis on improving service quality. Since manufacturing industries differ in terms of the characteristic quality, different criteria must be used for measuring these industries. Quality managementRead More Management Study at a Library Essay examples2401 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction Management, as defined by Daft and Marcic, is the effective and efficient attainment of organizational goals, through planning, organizing, leading and controlling organizational resources. This community service organizational study has allowed our group to extend our learning outside the classroom and apply management theories to the real world. The site that we volunteered at was the Venice Library. Upon first arriving, our team thought that it was going to be a struggle to tryRead MoreMy Personal Philosophy On Library Management1983 Words   |  8 PagesBettina Scales Dr. Abdullahi LSIS 5120 November 1, 2014 My Personal Philosophy on Library Management Within the library profession, a key component is management.Proper Management is vital for successful libraries.I think library managers must possess qualities of friendliness, vision, approachability, and decisiveness. As a future archivist, of a museum or school library like Shepard Library, I would want to be a leader that embodies these qualities. Along with great qualities, I would need toRead MoreData Management And The Library System1591 Words   |  7 Pages Data management in Libraries Iteration 1 Snowy Osahan Wilmington University Table of Contents Iteration 1: Orientation to Inspiration Space 3 Plan 3 Action 5 Observation 6 Reflection 7 References 9 Iteration 1: Orientation to Inspiration Space The orientation session will be conducted for the interns at Inspiration Space for a period of two days. During this phase, the interns will be introduced to the employees of Inspiration Space and the library that are associatedRead MoreProject Management Library Renovation2266 Words   |  10 PagesProject management principles Project management principles are typically learnt from experience and are generally valid for all projects and the project manager has to know when and how to apply them to a project (Harold, 2009). In the library building project these principles could have helped reduce problems during and after renovations of the library. Tailor to suit the environment: whatever project management methodology or framework a manger favours, it must be tailored to suit the needsRead MoreAcademic One File of Lyceum of the Philippines University Library as Perceived by the Selected Student of College of International Tourism and Hospitality Management2242 Words   |  9 PagesACADEMIC ONE FILE OF LYCEUM OF THE PHILIPPINES UNIVERSITY LIBRARY AS PERCEIVED BY THE SELECTED STUDENT OF COLLEGE OF INTERNATIONAL TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENT A thesis presented to the faculty of College of Arts and Sciences Lyceum of the Philippines University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science International Hospitality Management with specialization in Cruise Line Operation in Hotel Services Mary Angelie M. Andres Dan Paolo M. Asuncion KarenRead MoreQuality Management System For Coventry University Library2593 Words   |  11 PagesThe `Know IT` (Knowledge intergration ) quality management system for coventry university library Introduction Higher education intuitions have always resisted total quality management, quality management systems were perceived as incompatible with the academic culture. However, universities have become market driven, so in order to compete on a global scale and attract international students, they had to establish quality management systems to set themselves apart from the competition. It has

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Parkinsons Disease Free Essays

string(47) " that target the neurotransmitter systems \(e\." PD normally affects people over the age of 50. It becomes more common with increasing age. ‘About 5 in 1,000 people in their 60s and about 40 in 1,000 people in their 80s have PD’1. We will write a custom essay sample on Parkinsons Disease or any similar topic only for you Order Now It affects both men and women but is a little more common in men. PD is not usually inherited, and can affect anyone. However, genetic factors may be important in the small number of people who develop the disease before the age of 50. PD therefore affects a lot of people in the UK and I have chosen this topic so I have a greater understanding of what they go through and how we can help those affected. Background: Biology of Parkinson’s disease? Parkinson’s disease is a chronic disorder of part of the brain called the substantia nigra. It mainly affects the way the brain co-ordinates the movements of the muscles in various parts of the body. This area of the brain sends messages down nerves in the spinal cord to help control the muscles of the body. Messages are passed between brain cells, nerves and muscles by chemicals called neurotransmitters. Dopamine is the main neurotransmitter that is made by the brain cells in the substantia nigra1. Muscular System: Muscle Metabolism iframe class="wp-embedded-content" sandbox="allow-scripts" security="restricted" style="position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px);" src="https://phdessay.com/muscular-system-muscle-metabolism/embed/#?secret=XWYQr2myDT" data-secret="XWYQr2myDT" width="500" height="282" title="#8220;Muscular System: Muscle Metabolism#8221; #8212; Free Essays - PhDessay.com" frameborder="0" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" scrolling="no"/iframe In PD, cells in the substantia nigra are damaged and die. The cause is unknown. Over time, more and more cells become damaged and die. The more cells that are damaged the less dopamine is produced. The reduction of cells and the low level of dopamine in the cells in this part of the brain causes nerve messages to the muscles to become slowed and abnormal1. In the long term PD will ultimately lead to death. Causes We are still unsure of the causes of PD but here are the most likely and most talked about suggestions: 1. The hereditary form of PD occurs in fifteen per cent of cases2. The genes affected help clear nerve cells of excess proteins. Scientists are not sure but it is thought that when the ‘production process for protein manufacture breaks down, little clumps of ill-formed proteins begin to accumulate in cell’ 17, causing cell death. Tests carried out on rats using rotenone imply that pesticides and toxins may lead to PD. The rats experienced shaking and a loss of muscle control as well as developing Lewy bodies (spherical lumps found in dying brain cells), which are commonly associated with Parkinson’s disease. However, researchers are yet to find evidence for any definitive link to a particular toxin or drug in humans. 2. There seems to be a link between variants of the mitochondrial genes and PD. The Parkinson’s Disease Research Agenda states that â€Å"mitochondrial dysfunction has numerous consequences, including energetic failure, generation of reactive oxygen species, disregulation of calcium homeostasis and induction of apoptosis, each of which may be important in Parkinson’s disease†3. 3. High concentrations of free-radicals in the body and a lack of antioxidants. Free radicals damage cells and if too many dopamine-producing cells were damaged then this could lead to PD. Antioxidants prevent the production of free radicals and repair damage done by them. Symptoms and effects There is no easy test to diagnose PD, so it is diagnosed by ruling out other diseases and looking for the classic symptoms: * Slowness of movement (bradykinesia)1. It will become more of an effort to walk or get out bed. People may just think they are getting old and it is not till other symptoms develop that you may think about PD. * Stiffness of muscles (rigidity) and muscles may feel tenser. Also, your arms do not tend to swing as much when you walk. * Shaking (tremor) is common, but does not always occur. It normally affects the fingers, thumbs, hands, and arms, but can affect other parts of the body. It is most noticeable when you are resting and may become worse when you are anxious or emotional. It’s generally less obvious when you use your hand to do something such as picking up an object or writing. Symptoms will tend to get worse and worse and as the disease develops. Some other symptoms may develop due to problems with the way affected brain cells and nerves control the muscles. These include: * Fewer facial expressions such as smiling or frowning. Less blinking. * Difficulty with fine movements such as tying shoe laces or buttoning shirts. * Difficulty with writing (handwriting tends to become smaller), balance and posture and swallowing. * Speech may become slow and monotonous. * Tiredness aches and pains. As PD gets really bad, symptoms such as the following might develop, dependant on the individual: * Constipation- †PD prevents the proper transmission of the neurological messages that tell the rectal sphincter muscles to open†7 * Hallucinations (seeing, hearing or smelling things that are not real) * Sweating- PD can affect the autonomic nervous system8 that controls the autonomic functions (functions done automatically by the brain and body without conscious thought) such as sweating, breathing etc. * Difficulties with sleeping * Weight loss- there is a generally decreased appetite associated with PD. This may largely be due to swallowing difficulties and other gastrointestinal disturbances8 * Pain * Depression Anxiety- anxiety disorders occur in up to 40% of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD)9. The article states †Current evidence suggests that anxiety may not be a psychological reaction to the illness but rather may be linked to specific neurobiological processes accompanying PD.† * Problems with controlling impulses (for example compulsive eating, shopping or gambling) Most people will only suffer form a few of these symptoms and which ones will get worse and the speed at which they get worse varies hugely from person to person. Some rare brain diseases can have very similar symptoms in which case a specialist brain scan can often be used to distinguish between them. The Treatments At the moment there is no cure for PD and most treatments simply have the job of relieving symptoms. 1. Drugs Intro: there are two main types of drug used in PD treatment. Firstly, drugs that target the neurotransmitter systems (e. You read "Parkinsons Disease" in category "Papers"g. dopamine) or secondly drugs that are designed to interfere with steps in the neurodegenerative processes (they may aim to sustain nerve cells or tackle the issue of free radicals). Drugs are cheap and effective, especially in relieving symptoms but show little potential as a full cure to the disease. Most also need to be taken daily for the remainder of a patients lifetime. Many drugs may have minor side affects. Some side affects have social impacts such as mood swings or may not allow the user to fly or travel to certain places. Dopaminergic Agents- use to activate the production or use of Dopamine. Levodopa- is an amino acid that is converted in the brain into dopamine. According to the WE MOVE website10 ‘Levodopa was introduced as a PD therapy in the 1960s, and remains the most effective therapy for motor symptoms’ although there are many drugs that do a similar job such as Rasagiline. It reduces the effect of and helps control the symptoms of PD. Like most amino acids levodopa is absorbed into the blood stream through the wall of the intestines. Amino acids require a ‘transporter’ to transfer them across the membrane of the intestines and into the blood stream. These transporters can only work at a certain rate and so diet is important. To much dietary protein can slow the transport of levodopa into the blood stream meaning the dose may be ineffective. Alternatively to avoid the competition with other amino acids, doses should be taken between meals. Levodopa has to cross from the blood stream into the brain using the same transport system again, making diet and timing doubly important. MAO-B Inhibitors- slow the breakdown of dopamine in the brain and aim to prevent or slow the death of neurons. ‘MAO is responsible for the mitochondrial metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters, including dopamine and serotonin.’11 Ethical implications Some of the many ethical issues revolve around the decision to move from testing on artificial tissue (often grown from stem cells, which may in the future replace animal testing altogether. Stem cells, however create there own ethical issues) to animals, and further on the line, of animal testing to trails on human patients. The graph below shows the stages involved in developing a new drug and is taken from the MSD website (21/3/10): (http://www.msd.com.hk/health_info/drug_education/e_ddp_introduction.html) Animal testing is very closely regulated in the UK however many, often false, accusations of animal abuse have lead to darkened perceptions of animal testing in the public eye. Animal abuse is definitely a reality but ‘improved transparency, accountability and regulations’12 should reduce it happening and make sure those responsible are prosecuted. Unlike humans, animals are unable to consent to testing. It is forced upon them and often involves a certain amount of pain, stress, suffering and discomfort. Researchers will try to reduce this, possibly using anaesthetics although this can often interfere with the drug being tested so the animal may have to suffer the full amount of pain. Unfortunately, in PD, a number of animals are tested on normally starting with mice or rats before moving on to monkeys and finally human trails. Some people believe that animals like monkeys and most primates shouldn’t be experimented upon as they aren’t in the same plentiful supply that rats and mice are in, nor are they considered pests. However, for potentially dangerous drugs it is essential animals with a similar genetic make up (primates) are tested on to greatly reduce the risks in human clinical trails. Economics of drugs in PD As shown in figure 1.2 drug development requires a huge amount of research and testing and can take more than 10 years before a useable drug is created. This obviously requires a huge amount of investment and general drug development costs vary between 500 and 2,000 million dollars. R;D is often done by independent companies or government organizations. Most companies or organizations will link with universities to share information and facilities and hopefully quicken to process of discovering a new drug. ‘After approval, pharmaceutical companies have a short period of exclusivity before patents expire and other companies can market the same drugs as generics. This time is used to recoup the massive investment required to develop and launch a new drug. However, the companies must also continue to test their drugs and monitor the feedback from healthcare professionals in order to identify undiscovered side effects, risk factors and interactions.’13 Drug companies are some of the most profitable industries in the world and although a large amount of money is needed in research and development (R;D) only 1 in 5 dollars made is then invested in further research. Many companies spent nearly twice as much money on advertising and marketing than R;D and demand is so much higher than it needs to be that companies can afford to boost prices to maximise profit. Luckily with PD this becomes less of a problem as people are unlikely take and therefore buy drugs that are meant for PD when they don’t actually need it. This is because the symptoms tend to be quite clear and drugs like levodopa are not readily available unless prescribed. Benefits to humans Drugs can have a massive impact on people suffering from PD and they aim to do a number of things: 1) Improve standards of living- by reducing the affects of PD and slowing the process of neurodegeneration it should allow the person suffering to do basic things (such as tying shoelaces, writing etc) more easily and for longer before they require full time medical care. This allows them to be more independent. 2) The use of drugs such as levodopa, in the long term, will reduce the affects of symptoms such as tiredness, aches and pains. Painkillers like amantadine will also be used for more short term relieve along side drugs like levodopa. This will simply make life less painful for a PD patient. 3) Drugs are the most well know and reliable of PD treatments. This reduces the risks of any unknowns or mistakes and far fewer mistakes will be made than in using other treatments. Risks to humans 1) Unfortunately Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of using levodopa that are due to the building up of dopamine in the bloodstream. The most serious and severe effect of this treatment is dyskinesias. ‘Dyskinesias are uncontrolled movements, including writhing, twitching, and shaking. Dyskinesias result from the combination of long-term levodopa use and continued neurodegeneration. They typically begin to develop in milder forms after 3 to 5 years of treatment, but are more severe after 5 to 10 years of treatment.’10 2) There is always risk of allergies when using drugs and for some unfortunate people drugs may do more damage than good. 3) Side affects of drugs vary from person to person and it is impossible to know beforehand how a certain drug will affect an individual. For some, side affects may be far worse than for others. 4) Dosages need to be got right and it is a common problem that people take to little and don’t get the full benefit of the drug or take to much and suffer more/worse side affects. A massive overdose will likely lead to death. Alternative Cures? 2. Gene therapy- is still in early research stages and it is likely to be a while before this technique is actually used on humans. Like stem cells it has exciting potential to provide a future cure and avoid the ethical issues associated with stem cells. How it works? Gene therapy aims to introduce new and functioning genetic material into cells that have abnormal genes that are causing proteins (in the case of PD, dopamine) not to be created or created faulty. The genetic material can normally be inserted into the cells using viruses. ‘Some types of virus, such as retroviruses, integrate their genetic material (including the new gene) into a chromosome in the human cell. Other viruses, such as adenoviruses, introduce their DNA into the nucleus of the cell, but the DNA is not integrated into a chromosome.’13There is still much development needed as scientists are still unable to target specific cells and there is the potential threat of virus mutation which may cause even further problems. There is also major worry about the potential for gene therapy to be used to improve basic human traits such as height, intelligence etc. People could simply choice characteristics and this in many people’s eyes could be used for the wrong reason. For example, this may be used to give some athletes a major advantage over others or possibly creating super humans. 3. Stem Cells I think stem cells have shown exciting potential and will hopefully provide a full time future cure for the disease. How they work? Stem cells are unspecialised cells that have the ability to develop into highly specialised cells like nerve cells. They can also self-renew, which means they are capable of replenishing themselves for long periods of time by dividing4. For Parkinson’s disease it is hoped that large numbers of the brain cells that produce dopamine can be produced and inserted, through transplantation, into a patient’s brain. Therefore, nerve messages to all parts of the body will be normal again. However, stem cells not been successfully used to cure PD yet and there are many problems facing researchers. Therefore stem cells are relatively useless for PD at the moment but may be able to provide an easy and affective cure in the future. Problems with the types of Stem cells There are three main types of stem cells: 1. Adult stem cells can come from Skin, Bone marrow, Brain, Blood vessels, Liver and Skeletal muscle. However, adult stem cells are found in such small quantities it is difficult to identify and isolate them in viable numbers. Because adult stem cells aren’t as ‘young’ as embryonic stem cells, they contain more DNA abnormalities acquired with age4. These can be caused by the environment, toxins or errors in DNA replication. Adult stem cells have limited potential because unlike embryonic stem cells they can not differentiate into any specialised cell in the body. 2. Cord blood cells are normally found in the umbilical cord and placenta after the cord is cut. One problem is the lack of cells obtained and these may not be enough relative to a patient’s size. Cord blood cells generally take longer to grow, therefore completion of therapy will take longer. It obviously requires a pregnant woman to donate the cells. 3. Embryonic stem cells are found in human embryos and have a seemingly unlimited potential to develop into any cell in the human body. However they are surrounded by a number of ethical issues. Many people and especially religious group condemn the use of embryonic stem cells as they believe it is destroying a life. They believe it is immoral to save a life at the expense of another. However new developments in stem cells research means that Totipotent* stem cells can now be collected without the loss of embryo life: Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) – nucleus is removed from a somatic cell and is then implanted into a donor egg that has had its nucleus removed6. It divides just as normal before forming an embryo. Cells from the inner cell mass are extracted and cultured to provide embryonic stem cells but the technique destroys the embryo. Although the embryo is destroyed it is a created clone and so may not be considered the loss of new, individual life. Altered nuclear transfer (ANT), however, prevents an embryo from actually being created. The nucleus of the somatic cell is altered, or genetically reprogrammed, before being transferred into the egg. The alteration consequence is that the somatic cell DNA still produces stem cells but does not generate an embryo. Blastomere Extraction is performed on a two-day old embryo, following the division of the fertilized egg into eight blastomeres (cells). One blastomere is removed and can be triggered to divide and the resulting stem cells could still be used for research and disease treatment. The embryo, ‘now with only seven blastomeres can still be implanted into the mother and assuming no defect has been found these embryos will still grow into healthy babies’4. 1. Name of article: Parkinson’s Disease Url: http://www.patient.co.uk/health/Parkinson’s-Disease.htm Date accessed: 15/2/10 Evaluation: The article is certified as a reliable source of health and social care information. It certificate states- ‘The authors and editors of this article are employed to create accurate and up to date content reflecting reliable research evidence, guidance and best clinical practice. They are free from any commercial conflicts of interest.’ The article states that Parkinson’s disease affects the part of the brain know as the substantia nigra. WE MOVE (Worldwide Education and Awareness for Movement Disorders- http://www.wemove.org/par/par_subn.html) states: ‘In PD, cells of the SN (substantia nigra) degenerate, and therefore can no longer produce adequate dopamine.’ This information is further backed up on the Parkinson’s Disease Research Agenda that states ‘cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine die in a small brain area called the substantia nigra.’ As the information provided is backed by what I consider to be re liable resources I think that the information on the website is also therefore reliable, but should be checked with other sources before being used. 2. Name of article: Possible Causes of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) Url: http://www.healthtree.com/articles/parkinsons-disease/causes.php Date accessed: 20/2/10 3. Name: Parkinson’s Disease Research Agenda URL: http://www.ninds.nih.gov/about_ninds/plans/nihparkinsons_agenda.htm#Parkinson Date accessed: 20/2/10 Evaluation: Parkinson’s disease Research Agenda is written by the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS). It primary aim is to †reduce the burden of neurological disease – a burden borne by every age group, by every segment of society, by people all over the world.† It is funded by the government so should provide no bias and the site aims to educate people about various neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease. It states â€Å"mitochondrial dysfunction has numerous consequences†¦ each of which may be important in Parkinson’s disease.† This is also backed by an article: http://www.nature.com/nrneurol/journal/v6/n2/full/nrneurol.2009.221.html that states † dysfunctional energy metabolism might be a central element of the pathological process underlying the development of PD.† The site was last updated on the 25th of July 2008. As the site is run and updated by the government with no other purpose but to inform I think it can be used a very reliable source of information. How to cite Parkinsons Disease, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Mobile Web Application Facebook Messenger and Google Hangouts

Question: Discuss about the Mobile Web Application Facebook Messenger and Google Hangouts. Answer: Introduction The webs applications on the mobile have been a great development in the field of information and technologies (Dalmasso et al. 2013). In addition to this, the chatting Apps also have great impact on the development of this apps. The report consists of discussions about two of these apps. The Facebook Messenger and the Google Hangouts application taken up for discussions in this report. Overview of the Applications: Facebook Messenger: The Facebook messenger is a very useful application. It one of the most popular application for the purpose of social networking (Bailis et al. 2016). In addition to this, the application helps the people to get connected to the people of their choices. In addition to this the application is one of the most downloaded app on the android platform. This app is developed by the Facebook Company. This application is only used for the messaging function of social networking website Facebook. The app do not require any additional information about the email or the phone number of the user. They only require a valid Facebook account and the user can easily log in to the app with the login credentials that are used for Facebook. Google Hangouts: The Google Hangouts is one of the competitor of the Facebook Messenger App. This app was developed by the Google Company (Schnell et al. 2015). This app also is very popular in the field of social networking. In addition to this the app is very useful. The application is very small in size and provides efficient features to the users for chatting on the web. The people can easily get connected to other people with the help of their Gmail accounts. The only criteria for using this app is that the person has be registered on Google and the person he or she wants to connect to should also be registered on Google. The app can be very easy logged in by someone who has an active Google account, and just need to provide the Google log in credentials while logging in. Strength and Weakness of the Applications: Facebook Messenger: Strengths: The Facebook messenger is a very useful app and provides notification to user instantly in a message is received (Jobe 2013). The App supports chat bots that the uses can get information from whenever they need. In addition to this, the App provides the users the option of free calling and also video chatting. The live video feature of the app is very popular among the people. In addition to this the application provides the user the facilities of sending media files. The new update of the application also allows the users to send documents to each other. Weakness: The main weakness of the application is that the size of the app is bit high for a chat application (Erman et al. 2015). In addition to this the application is subjected to update very frequently as features are being added to the application for increasing the popularity of the application. In addition to this the size of the application increases with each update of the application. The application is generally used for informal conversations, formal conversations are very rare in this application. Gaps: The size of application is very big and hence, there is a scope to optimize the application. The data consumed by the app is also too much and hence, this issue also requires efficient addressing. Google Hangouts: Strengths: The Google hangouts provide a useful platform for the users to have formal as well as informal conversations (Dinh et al. 2013). In addition to this, the application allows the users to have the informal conversations as the mails are only used for the formal conversations. The application provides a more sophisticated approach to the chatting on web. The application provides the facilities of going live on the video chat. In addition to this the supplication is very small in size and also very easy user interface. Weakness: The application is designed by keeping in mind solely the formal methods of chatting (Medini et al. 2013). In addition to this application is less interactive and do not have a fancy outlook. The frequency of the update of the app is very low. Gaps: The looks of the application are not as attractive as the other applications and hence this features requires some up gradation. The applications is a primitive type and hence requires to incorporate some additional features in it. Discussion The two apps were considered for discussion and were under the scope of analysis by the evaluation framework that is considered in this report (Li et al. 2015). The applications are evaluated on the basis of the popularity of the applications. The popularity is decide by the number of downloads of the applications. In addition to this, the applications were also judged on the basis of their usefulness and also on the size of the application and the user interfaces. Hence, in addition to this the update of the apps and the frequency at which the apps are being updated was very useful for the analysis of the apps. The internal features of the apps were also taken for consideration. The ability of the apps to transfer the files and different kind of media in between the users and the efficiency of the transfers were also taken into account. In addition to this the video calling and the normal calling facilities provided by the apps were also considered. Recommendation The following recommendation are to be provided to the apps for their development. Firstly, the size of apps need to be very optimal. In addition to this, the applications should increase the security constrains so that the user data cannot be obtained by other sources easily. In addition to this the company should look to introduce ad free versions of the apps so the users would not be frustrated with the pop ups that come up again and again. The application should be modified so that all kinds of extensions are supported by the applications and the users can make transfer their very easily. Conclusion For conclusion it can be said that the Facebook Messenger and Google Hangouts have been identified as the applications that are being used for the discussions. In addition to this the strength and weaknesses of the apps have also been provided in the report and also some recommendations have been provided for the improvement of the applications. References Bailis, P., Yang, J., Reddi, V.J. and Zhu, Y., 2016. Research for practice: web security and mobile web computing.Communications of the ACM,60(1), pp.50-53. Schnell, N., Robaszkiewicz, S., Bevilacqua, F. and Schwarz, D., 2015, January. Collective Sound Checks: Exploring Intertwined Sonic and Social Affordances of Mobile Web Applications. InProceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction(pp. 685-690). ACM. Jobe, W., 2013. Native Apps Vs. Mobile Web Apps.iJIM,7(4), pp.27-32. Erman, J., Gopalakrishnan, V., Jana, R. and Ramakrishnan, K.K., 2015. Towards a SPDYier mobile web?.IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,23(6), pp.2010-2023. Dinh, H.T., Lee, C., Niyato, D. and Wang, P., 2013. A survey of mobile cloud computing: architecture, applications, and approaches.Wireless communications and mobile computing,13(18), pp.1587-1611. Mdini, L., Bcle, F. and Nguyen, H.D.T., 2013, May. DataConf: Enriching conference publications with a mobile mashup application. InProceedings of the 22nd International Conference on World Wide Web(pp. 477-478). ACM. Dalmasso, I., Datta, S.K., Bonnet, C. and Nikaein, N., 2013, July. Survey, comparison and evaluation of cross platform mobile application development tools. InWireless Communications and Mobile Computing Conference (IWCMC), 2013 9th International(pp. 323-328). IEEE. Li, D., Tran, A.H. and Halfond, W.G., 2015, August. Nyx: a display energy optimizer for mobile web apps. InProceedings of the 2015 10th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software Engineering(pp. 958-961). ACM.

Friday, November 29, 2019

Lice cycle costing and kaizen free essay sample

Life cycle costing is a cost management approach which includes all costs and ensures that all those costs are managed over the life cycle of the product. Product life cycle begins from conception of the product until its abandonment which can be referred as ‘from cradle to grave‘. Product life cycle has four stages: 1) Product planning and initial concept design It involves process of identifying any underlying conditions, assumption, limitations and constraints such as minimum asset performance, maximum capital costs that might restrict the range of acceptable options to be evaluated. It is a valuable reference for better decision whether the plan should be carried on. This includes the research and development cost market research costs. 2) Product design and development Starting from preparation of development contract until equipment is ready to be introduced to the business. It is also a stage where the factory trials take place. Cost of product design, prototyping, and market testing costs. We will write a custom essay sample on Lice cycle costing and kaizen or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 3) Production All the manufacturing costs related to producing the products such as direct material, labor, overhead and administrative costs will be incurred. 4) Distribution and customer (or logistical) support This stage is where product are sent to customers and ready to be used. All marketing, selling and distribution costs are incurred at this stage. As for logical support cost, it involves delivery and transportation costs, warehousing costs, dismantling cost and costs for abandonment of the project and some equipment might need to be disposed of or recycled. All expenditure for resources that are likely to arise must be addressed. Future costs are also taken into consideration and will be discounted to the present value. LCC includes all the upstream costs and downstream costs. Upstream costs involved in producing a good include research and development costs, such as salaries paid to research engineers. Downstream costs, on the other hand, are incurred later in the product lifecycle. These include marketing and advertising costs. All costs and savings can then be directly compared and fully-informed decisions can be made. The reasons why companies adopt LCC are because it enables the management to make assessment of the profitability of a product over its life cycle. This helps managers to decide and choose on which products to produce and can increase company’s sales revenue. LCC also could prevent losses from project abandonment or suspension in work in progress due to insufficient funds. By using LCC, all expenditure will be taken into account hence, all the expenditures will be fully disbursed as and when the product life cycle ends. The graph below illustrates life cycle costs and cost commitment for a typical product. 1. 2 Elements of Life Cycle Costing The purpose of calculating this technique is to analyze all the costs that have to be borne by the company in acquiring a new asset. According to Nijhar Charavorti (2009), this technique serves as the decision making tool in which it combines the conflicts by emphasizing on the facts, money and time. For example, to compute the ’cradle to grave’ costs of an equipment, the company should include not only the purchase price (money), but also the any costs afterwards which will be incurred (facts) throughout its lifespan (time). The ‘costs afterwards’ which are inclusive of operation costs, maintenance costs, and disposal cost, are calculated using Net Present Value at discounted factor. There are three elements in Life Cycle Costing which are: a) Initial costs This element represents the acquisition cost, construction cost, installation cost and/or design cost of equipment. These one-off initial costs will only be incurred by the company at the beginning of the acquisition of the assets. b) Operation and maintenance costs Meanwhile, operation and maintenance costs which also include labor and training costs will be repeatedly incurred by the company throughout the lifespan of the acquired assets. Maintaining of the assets is necessarily required so that the asset will perform at its best level and the company could fully utilize it. On top of that, training costs refer to the cost incurred by the company to equip its employees with the required skill and knowledge pertaining to the usage of the newly acquired asset. If the asset needs to be updated regularly, thus the employees’ knowledge also needs to be up-to-date so that the company could make the full use of the asset. c) Disposal costs At the end of the economic life of the asset, there are certain costs that need to be borne by the company, such as recycling costs and/or dismantling costs. These costs also will be incurred once by the company. However, if the company has decided to sell off the asset, the company will obtain gain in disposal provided that the proceeds obtained from disposing the asset exceeds the salvage value of the asset. 1. 4 Advantages and disadvantages The advantages of LCC are as follows: A management tool. LCC assists managers to select the best project option among several alternatives which ensures effective planning and prospective benefit. Facilitate effective procurement decision. LCC assess and anticipate future resources requirement for production. Therefore, it helps management in determining what to purchase. As a result, managers can make effective and efficient decision and redundant purchasing can be avoided. Assist management to identify factors that increase costs. LCC requires detail research on cost on each product stage involved hence, this helps in identifying hidden cost. Managers can identify costs that can reduce costs in other stages of product life cycle. For example, by focusing cost on designing stage, the company can reduce after sales cost such as warranty. However, there are several drawbacks of LCC which are: Challenging. It needs more effort from management and critical decisions have to be made in order to obtain accurate data. This is because there is lack of awareness in the management on how to calculate life cycle costs. Time consuming. It is time consuming to gather information on the actual costs involved in the product life cycle from all the related departments. Not easy to design products that have longer lives. This is due to the difficulty in predicting the changes in external internal environment. (E. g. customers’ needs and preferences, inflation effect, impact of competitors’ action) Difficult to estimate operational maintenance cost. It is difficult to determine the discount rate as management need to compare the nominal value and discounted value. Hence, it will incur more cost and be more time consuming. 1. 4 Implementation of Life Cycle Costing in Malaysia It is observed that Life Cycle Costing (LCC) management system is actively being used by the construction industry in Malaysia compared with other type of industries. The industry is developing rapidly and become one sector that contributes to the economic growth in Malaysia currently. Through this LCC method, all the factors, maintenance and demolishing cost for a building projects is accounted at the designing stage to obtain a more accurate projection of the cost of construction. The construction industry must implement the LCC method to construct the structure and infrastructure projects as to avoid any losses to the industry itself and also to the government because of the cost of failure that might arise before, during or after the completing the projects. An example of Life Cycle Costing (LCC) implementation system is by Willmott Dixon Construction Company. It is a well-known privately owned construction, housing and property development and maintenance business, around United Kingdom and has created since 1852. The company implements the LCC methods as they can accurately quantify the embodied environmental and cost impacts of a building throughout the project design. They will design cost effective alternative of the projects as they concern with the overall monetary cost of ownership of a building across operation, maintenance and demolition. With this would help them to reduce and avoid any extra cost of failure in the future, thus to maximize the company profits on the projects assigned. In conclusion, LCC management method can be used to provide the tools to managers maintenance budgets, ownership costs, and present decision making scenarios in financial perspective to achieve the lowest long term cost of ownership. The LCC includes not only the operational costs but also other costs that would involve throughout the project life. 2. 0 Kaizen costing 2. 1 Definition and Background Kaizen costing is implying the concept of Kaizen which means continuous improvement in every aspect. It was derived from Japanese philosophy that originally comes from Japanese culture and Japanese practice of management. ‘Kai’ means change and ‘Zen’ means better. It was developed by Masaaki Imai and was first implemented in several businesses after the Second World War II. Kaizen has been applied in general practice as a guide for doing things in daily life as what have been practiced by Japanese. For instance, the practice of reverse parking leads to time saving and providing shutter buses to solve parking problem. The Kaizen concept practices top down as well as bottom up communication. It assumes that person that deals with the job will be more expert in their area and they could provide more accurate information relating to their field of expertise. Suggestions and ideas that came from each employee will be taken into consideration and goal compatible ideas will be selected and applied. Kaizen costing focuses on lowering the cost of the product by implementing cost reducing strategy in any level possible. It applies the principle of continuous improvement by doing little things better and setting and achieving increasingly higher standards. It encourages continual cost reduction which occurs after a product design has been completed and for products that are now in production stage. For instance, working with suppliers to reduce the costs in their processes, or implementing less costly product re-designs of the product, or reducing waste costs. Cost-reduction target are set and applied monthly continuous improvement are applied to meet those target. It also focuses on teams (quality circles), promotes team work and team spirit in the same time recognizes the individual contribution. By applying this concept, it also implies that the firm needs to strive towards perfection by eliminating waste in the work place. 2. 2 Elements of Kaizen Costing Steven Stephenson (n. d.  ) points out that there are five elements in Kaizen costing which is the basic, fundamental, systematic approach for productivity, quality and safety improvement in all types of business. Kaizen costing even includes social activities where the five elements are applied in every aspect of a person’s life. Each element is equally important and acts as a continuous process or cycle in busin ess. Those five elements are: a) Seiri – Sort out This technique suggests the firm to differentiate between necessary things with those is unnecessary and subsequently, discard all the unnecessary things accordingly. This sort out activity should cover all parts of work stations. For infrequently used items, the company should attach tags and put it away in one place so that it then can be reassigned when the company intends to use it. This activity would ensure efficiency can be improved which will then increase quality of work, and one of simpler way to spot problems. b) Seiton – Set in order Kaizen promotes a productive and effective workflow in the working environment. As mentioned by Aiden S. (n. d. ), ‘a place for everything, and everything in its place’ best be defined as the place for each item should be clearly labeled or tagged and arranged in the manner which promotes efficient workflow. The employees also are reminded to keep the important materials nearby so that efficiency and effectiveness can be maintained or improved. c) Seiso – Shine The company is suggested to keep the workplace tidy and organized. It is also recommended for the employees to identify the sources of contamination such as malfunction of equipment or leakages, which might dangerously, affected the safety of the employees of the company. Thus, in order to keep workplace systematically clean and to maintain the way they were, regular cleaning could be done. d) Seiketsu – Standardise This healthy and productive work practices should be consistent and standardized. Meaning that, everyone in the company should know his responsibilities by creating schedule and assign tasks accordingly. Hence, it is suggested that the company should put the standard into black and white in order for the employees to follow the same rules to keep them in the right track. e) Shitsuke – Sustain All the positive work practices need to be sustained, and to ensure that it serves on the long-term basis, the company may regularly review the standards established and keep updating them. These 5S elements should be set as one of the goal of the company. In addition to ensure sustaining the positive workflow in healthy working environment, the management may analyze the result of the implementation of these 5S, and train the workers as well as emphasize the importance of having 5S in the company. It should be noted that this Kaizen theory is applicable to all as it is not only focusing on reducing the costs or wastages, but it is also promoting a healthy working environment. It covers all aspects of life as it is understandable that if the employees are happy with their working environment, they will become more productive and hence, this will reflect the good reputation of the company. 2. 3 Advantages and Disadvantages The following are the advantages of Kaizen: Higher employee morale and job satisfaction The employees will find work to be easier and more enjoyable since Kaizen encourages group and individual contribution when seeking idea for improvement. Being able to speak their mind, they will find the job as more satisfying and result in higher employee morale. Thus, it will also lead to lower turnover rate. Widely applicable. The Kaizen concept can be used in both manufacturing and non-manufacturing company. For instance, it can be used in production stage in manufacturing company and also in hospitality services. Provide immediate results By continually solving large number of small problems, immediate results can be achieved. Reduce waste and inefficiencies By eliminating activities that does not add value and unproductive in practice, Kaizen assists management in managing the inventory well, helps to reduce waiting time, and transportation cost, efficiently manage worker motion, enhances employee skills and solves overproduction issues. Meanwhile, the disadvantages of Kaizen are as follows: Resistance to change The Kaizen practice is difficult to be implemented in management due to reluctance to accept changes which is because of difference in culture and difficulty in understanding concept of Kaizen Too much suggestion The managers will receive a lot of suggestions and ideas when discussing the problem together with the employees. This will lead to confusion and waste of time when choosing the best suggestion and ideas. Time consuming The managers will need to spend certain amount of time to select the best ideas which are compatible with organization’s goals 2. 4 Implementation of Kaizen Costing in Malaysia Kaizen Costing has been accepted by most of the manufacturers in Malaysia, which it is the second most popular modern management accounting technique that being practice among the manufacturers in small medium industries in Malaysia. (Refer to appendixes, Table 1. ) Besides that, based on research made, in Malaysia, Kaizen system is being used by majority of the manufacturers in the automobiles and transportation components industry as compared with the other type of industry. This may be due to the nature of the automobiles and transportation industry, in which it has short products life cycles. Hence, new and improvised products are always needed as to keep the businesses sustain in the industry. Therefore, to cope with this need, manufacturers have to be alert and continuously improve the productivity through Kaizen management system. An example of the Kaizen implementation system is the Toyota Production System (TPS) by Toyota Company, in which it is a system for thorough waste elimination, as to minimize cost of production and increase the products quality, yet take upon the humanization of work after the modification of the cost management system. (Shimizu, 2000. ) In factories around the world, Toyota Company consistently makes the highest-quality cars with the fewest defects of any competing manufacturer, while using fewer man-hours, less on-hand inventory, as they are using the Kaizen system in their production activity. (Shimizu, 2000.  ) In conclusion, the implementation of Kaizen Costing helps to improve the company performance in terms of production capacity, cost efficiency and product quality continually. Thus, would achieve the cost reduction target. Other than that, with the good corporation between the management and employees through the Kaizen strategies would help to empower and motivates the w orker in order to develop better improvement in their job performance. It also provides highest customer satisfaction because companies which apply continuous improvement approach will always produce better products and services for their valuable customer.

Monday, November 25, 2019

The Compelling Motives of Imperialism essays

The Compelling Motives of Imperialism essays The presence of Europe in Africa in the late nineteenth century was one of extreme power. The countries of France, Britain, and Germany had especially large claims to the African continent during this time. The motives of imperialism for these countries greatly define Europe at this time. Insatiable desires for economic markets, power and political struggles, the motivating belief in Social Darwinism, and the European idea of superiority were the driving forces at the European home front in the late nineteenth century. Many of the causes for imperialism in Africa were evident in Joseph Conrads turn of the century novel, Heart of Darkness. Successful domination of Africa was not attainable prior to the eighteen hundreds. The obstacles of travel and disease were too powerful to overcome. However, with the development of the steamship and the protection from malaria in the form of quinine, Europeans tackled Africa with a renewed energy (Sanderson Imperialism notes). A European council congregated in 1885 and drew up the Berlin Act, which was responsible for the carving of Africa into pieces of land for the major imperialistic powers in Europe (Lehmann The Scramble for Africa). Political and nationalistic rivals were fueled and each European power desired to prosper greater than their competitors did. Political goals were often achieved through imperialism. Countries competed for strategic passages and overseas bases in locations throughout Africa (Lehmann European Imperialism). The goals of achieving the most power and wealth from various regions through imperialistic measures were realized during the age of imperialism. A new source of economic resources for ever growing European wants also encouraged imperialism. Salt, spices, gold, silver, and diamonds were constantly searched for on all continents that the Europeans explored. Africa, Asia, and the Americas all fell victim to...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Global Business Cultural Analysis Research Paper

Global Business Cultural Analysis - Research Paper Example The history of Singapore is very remarkable, the nation gained independence on 9th August 1965, following its succession from Malaysia. Soon after withdrawing from Malaysia, the fledging nation of Singapore had to face tremendous economic problems. The Buddhist country fought years in order to eliminate mass employment and to achieve economic stability. To make matters worse, the newly independent country had to face ingrained problems such as scarcity of houses, land and natural resources such as petroleum. The establishment of World Trade Organization has ensured economic globalization. To cope and stay abreast in this era of globalization, Singapore has drawn up an extensive legal framework for its economic policies. September 11th events changed the world and since then Singapore has face terrorists threats posed by the Southeast Asian militant Islamic organization known as Jemaah Islamiyah, mostly abbreviated as JI. Singapore is a Southeast Asian island country, consisting of 63 islands accounting for a total land area of 712.4 sq.km. On the north of Singapore is the Straits of Johor which separates it from Malaysia and the island country is separated on the southern side from Indonesia by the Singapore Strait. Singapore is a highly urbanized country, which faces serious problems posed by land scarcity. According to June 2010 census, Singapore has an approximate population of over 5.077 million, including both permanent residents and foreign workers residing in the country. Singapore has an annual population growth rate of 1.8% accounting for both permanent residents and foreign workers. While the annual population growth rate of only permanent Singaporean residents and citizens is 1%. The inc rease in population is the major reason for posing problems such as unemployment and land scarcity to house more people. The country has a lowland terrain and has a tropical climate. Singapore

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Development of a Model Aviation Safety Program for General Aviation Research Proposal

Development of a Model Aviation Safety Program for General Aviation Companies - Research Proposal Example The proposed project is principally concerned with the development of a Model Aviation Safety Program for General Aviation organizations. It has been viewed that a dramatic innovation process of change is currently taking place in the international aviation sector for the purpose of assisting the airspace to comply with future demands. In relation to aviation safety, the two utmost priority areas are the human factors and the technology factors. In relation to the human factors, the errors caused manually could eventually lead towards safety issues. In relation to the technological factors, when the technology fails to perform its functions, it also gives rise to a significant degree of safety issues. Thus, it can be stated that proper maintenance of the technology gadgets in an airplane and in the control room along with adequate training to the individuals related with the aviation industry is essential for exhibiting an advanced aviation safety program (Aviation Safety Corps, n.d. ). The research as well as the development of the project will intend to provide a brief description of the importance or the need of developing various models or safety programs relating to aviation sector for the general aviation companies. Various theories, models as well as relevant concepts will be used in the project in order to meet with the project outcome. The project will address the concern towards the development of various programs relating to aviation safety for the general aviation companies. Moreover, the project will endeavor to reveal critical thinking, delivering comprehensive as well as realistic information with the purpose of helping in recognizing the crucial steps about developing aviation safety programs that are often signified as quite essential for the general aviation companies. By the implementation of the sources

Monday, November 18, 2019

Results and Discussion of Research Data Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Results and Discussion of Research Data - Essay Example gaining a wider attention due to major allegations as well as criticism associated with racial discrimination amid different football clubs in the UK (Jones & Smith, 2011; Bebber, 2008). Therefore, the aim of this research study is to critically evaluate the issue of racism in football in Sheffield, UK with extracting and discussing four particular themes from the collected primary data. In order to attain the aforesaid aim, the discussion of the data incorporates a set of objectives relating to different research areas associated with the issue of racism in football in Sheffield, UK. These objectives have been clearly elaborated in the following: In relation to the interview process conducted for retrieving data from male, football supporter/players aged 26 years, the questions have been structured in light with the key aims and objectives of the study. According to the data revealed from the primary data collection technique, the process of conducting interview with male individuals was highly aimed with investigating their attitudes in the Sheffield area towards the football matches, specifically on racism aspect and its impact on the sport. In this context, the interview questions have been developed by strong compliance with ethical codes and also eliminating such perceptions that might raise personal interests or any sort of racial discrimination. The questionnaire survey for this research study was conducted with the participation of total 200 respondents who were mainly the supporters, viewers and the players associated with British football of Sheffield. The results obtained from the questionnaire survey thus reflected valuable facts about the issue of racism in Sheffield football. According to the data revealed from the questionnaire survey, majority of the participants i.e. 70.3% of the total 135 respondents are likely to watch football matches on televisions. Whereas, 22.9% are regular attendees and 46.4% are likely to attend football matches on

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Minimize Counterproductive Or Deviant Behaviour Management Essay

Minimize Counterproductive Or Deviant Behaviour Management Essay Counterproductive and deviant behaviours can be found all around us, but matter largely in professional fields. When in an organisation, any deviant behaviour is detected; it is an indication toward a serious threat to organisation as well as the staff from different perspectives. In human resources, deviant behaviours of employees and managing them have gained increased attention due to a range of reasons. For the success of an organisation, management of deviant and counterproductive behaviours is very critical. In this essay, the causes behind deviant behaviours, their influence on the employees, the person and organisation as a whole and the ways to manage/ minimise these deviant behaviours will be addressed. Counterproductive behaviours have become a workplace norm and its popularity is rising gradually. It is very obvious that workplace situations vary and therefore, they leave an impact on employees as well. These deviant behaviours by the employees not just harm the organisation but also affect other organisational members (Spector Fox, 2002). Counterproductive Workplace Behaviours are the acts by the members of an organisation, which are against the organisational legitimate interest (Sackett, 2002). These are intentional as well as unintentional behaviours, resulting from different causes and motivations. It has been identified in journal of organisational behaviour (2008) that an estimated 75 per cent of the employees do engage in such deviant harmful behaviours like; unexcused absenteeism, sabotage, theft, and vandalism cooperate (McGurn, 1988; Harper, 1990). Other such behaviours that have been reportedly found are sexual abuse of women (Gruber, 1990), organisational cynicism (Wilkerson, 2002), withholding efforts (Kidwell Bennett, 1993), spreading rumours (Skarlicki and Folger, 1997), physical assault and verbal abuse (Spector and Fox, 2002), lying (Depaulo and Depaulo, 1989), and absenteeism (Johns, 1997). These behaviours violate organisational working standards and can be antisocial (Robinson Bennett, 1995). Also they may affect the overall performance, decision making and even the organisational financials which can be very costly and harmful for the organisations wellbeing. Many researchers have identified a direct link between the personality traits of the employees and the Counterproductive behaviour at workplace (Salgado, 2002; Colbert, Mount, Harter, Witt, and Barrick, 2004; Dalal, 2005; Blickle, Schlegel, Fassbender, and Klein, 2006; Berry, Ones, Sackett, 2007). However, it has also been viewed that many times, even intrinsically honest employees are forced to behave inaptly, if the work environment or management are unjust towards them; or if they have been treated poorly. Managers are also seen to be the ones creating such workplace environment unintentionally where they are basically contributing towards their employees deviant acts (Greenberg, 1997). Therefore only personality is not a sole predictor of deviant workplace behaviour (Robinson and Greenberg, 1998) and many other factors contribute in counterproductive workplace behaviour. The management in turn fires the honest and capable employees so as to diminish these deviant organisational behaviours, but counteractively they need to put in a lot of efforts towards identifying the real causes of these behaviours and should wisely minimise these acts. The focus of this essay throughout the rest of the paragraphs is to critically identify the causes behind counterproductive workplace behaviour, the extent to which these behaviours influence the workplace norm, its overall power and how these behaviours can be minimised. Therefore, in a sequential manner, all of these points will be analysed. Countless factors influence counterproductive behaviour which consists of acts that harm or are intend to harm the organisation or its stakeholders. A vital aspect is to identify the reasons behind that, why employees are involved in these deviant behaviours. There are certain factors that influence counterproductive behaviour, identified by Litzky, Eddleston Kidder (2006), which are under the direct control of manager that may unconsciously force the employees into engaging in deviant behaviours like; unsatisfactory compensation or rewarding structures, unfair employee treatment, negative attitudes, social pressures to conform, job performance ambiguity and violation of employees trust. Competing for financial rewards causes employees to think only for themselves with the belief that nonstandard behaviours are compulsory to get ahead in their career fight (Crossen, 1993; Peterson, 2002). Managers are identified to be often as the main cause behind workplace theft, because many of them ignore such issues in order to conform to the social pressures, and thus encourage other employees to engage in similar deviant behaviours (Greenberg, 1997). These research studies have found that financial rewards are one of the prime reasons behind the counterproductive behaviours of employees. Not only for competing and leaving the colleagues behind, but also in the run of gaining more financial rewards, these employees sometimes do not feel reluctant to take aggressive actions. Deviant behaviours is one such acts that these employees are found to be practicing. Another research study (Fodchuck, 2007) revealed that both the employee characteristics and the workplace environmental aspects are linked with counterproductive behaviour in an organisation. Organisational factors like job design, workplace injustice and perceived stress initiates these behaviours and individual characteristics that helps in triggering CWB consists of self-control, will power, sensation seeking (Marcus and Schuler, 2004), and motives (Rioux and Penner, 2001). All these researchers have argued that these environmental aspects are increasingly linked with the deviant behaviour in the organisation. A management journal, (Robinson OLeary-Kelly, 1998) termed Counterproductive workplace conducts as antisocial behaviour, because these acts are harmful for the organisation. As per this study, the antisocial behaviours of employees are influenced in work groups through social learning and social information processing method. The workgroup largely influence an individual employees antisocial behaviour, and CWB of a workgroup is a significant predictor of the individual employees CWB at work. A study conducted in 2008 (Skarlicki, Barclay Pugh) explain downsizings and layoffs as the major factor behind counterproductive behaviour by the employees because most victims, who lose their jobs, are loyal workers and consider this management decision as an unfair treatment towards them. These employees in turn engage in organisational retaliation as revenge to their wrongdoer. Their negative emotions emerge by bad mouthing about the organisation to the organisational members and others, conveying a strong negative impact of the company. This retaliation is very similar to previously defined antisocial behaviour (Giacalone and Greenberg, 1996), counterproductive behaviour (Fox and Spector, 2005) and organisational deviance (Robinson and Bennett, 1995) thus overlapping with the duskier side of the organisational behaviour theories with potentially negative consequences for the organisation and other individuals. Many times in such situations even the informational justice and supp orting information does not help to be effective in reducing this retaliating behaviour (Dalal, 2005). All of these research studies have discussed that these factors extremely play their role to generate deviant behaviour among employees. Another study by Smithikrai (2008) suggests that personality traits and Counterproductive workplace behaviour have a direct link with each other; however, situational moderators in which counterproductive workplace behaviour takes place can increase the cogency of personality measures in predicting deviant behaviours. Situational factors in relation with personality traits are strong stimulators of counterproductive workplace behaviours. Individual behaviour reflects relevant traits when the situation is week, whereas when the situations are strong then the behaviour of the employees are clear, and they meet the behavioural demand of the situation (Blickle et al, 2006; Robinson Greenberg, 1998; Marcus Schuler, 2004). Therefore situational strength is very much critical in identifying these deviating individual behaviours, and in strong situations the employee performance gets monitored where Counterproductive workplace behaviour is not tolerated (Berry et al, 2007; Greenberg, 1997) . Wilkerson, Evans Davis (2008) conducted a study testing evidence of the co-workers social influence on other employees bad mouthing, organisational cynicism and supervisor assessments of employees organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB). The study suggests that the badmouthing behaviour of close co-workers largely impacts other co-workers, influencing their similar behaviours, due to the result of social information processing. Further the study advises that there also becomes a possibility of a chain reaction effect, where the organisational cynics are likely to engage other in their bad mouthing behaviour, creating other cynics within the organisation. This results in negative performance outcomes, reduction in management trust and further intentions of engaging in OCB (Litzky et al, 2006; Crossen, 1993). Bad mouthing has found to be one of the critical factors behind generating deviant behaviour. Yet another research by Tepper, Henle, Lambert, Giacalone and Duffy (2008) states that abusive supervision consequences in lower level of employee commitment with its employer, leading to little desire of working with the organisation, lower level of attachment with the organisation resulting to greater deviance against the organisation. This explains that effective employee commitment is estimated to facilitate the relationship between abusive management and organisational deviation. Abusive supervision is yet another costly workplace factor impacting negatively on employees, employer as well as organisational performance (Litzky et al, 2006; Crossen, 1993). Research study by jones (2009) have a different viewpoint, stating that there are different relations among different types of injustice, desire toward revenge and counterproductive work behaviours with ones supervisor and organisation separately. The results identified that counterproductive workplace behaviours related with organisation can be minimised through increase in procedural justice whereas behaviours related to supervisors can be minimised when the supervisor treat their employees fairly, with dignity, and respect as well as provide justifications for decisions that influences them (Litzky et al, 2006; Crossen, 1993). There are many factors identified that influence instigate deviant behaviours by the employees (Peterson, 2002). Of all these factors influencing Counterproductive behaviours every aspect has strong and weak impact over the behaviours, depending on the situation and the individual (Crossen, 1993). Age, cognitive ability, self-control, emotional intelligence and personality all correlates and create strong or weak affect over these behaviours by the employees (Fodchuk, 2007). Therefor situational moderator and personality mediator helps in increasing or decreasing the power of these behaviours by the employees (Rioux Penner, 2001). Reduction of these deviating behaviours in an organisation begins with recruitment and selection phase of hiring new employees through the use of personality testing, cognitive ability screening, and integrity screening (Marcus Schuler, 2004). But since situational factors emerge out of routinely day to day operations of the organisation including organisational constraints, illegitimate tasking, lack of compensation and rewards, interpersonal conflicts and lack of organisational/management justice thus organisation needs to involve much more into minimising these behaviours (Robinson et al, 1998). Mangers are equally liable and in a better position to control and minimise these behaviours within the organisation (Giacalone Greenberg, 1996). If the outcome is similar by different employees on a particular position, then this can be termed as a warning for the manager to identify his personal behaviour and management ability (Robinson Bennett, 1995). It is the job of manger to create an ethical working environment so that inherently honest employees do not turn their behaviours into negative and counterproductive ones (Skarlicki, et al, 2008). Apart from this building reliance relationships, creating ethical policies and procedures, setting achievable targets, creating effective supervision and monitoring performance ultimately helps in toning down the deviant behaviours of the employees in the organisation (Depaulo Depaulo, 1989; Smithikria, 2008). Similarly one step that the organisation can take into reducing these behaviours can be through enhancing organisational justice, allowing workplace participation of employees, maintaining communication, and paying close attention to identification of signs for interpersonal conflict (Tepper et al, 2008; David, 2008; Spector, 2005). Besides this lay off, employees needed to be financially supported and should be well informed in advance, or given a notice period so that they may not bad mouth the organisation and put its integrity at stake. Making other opportunities available to them after some time period also helps (Wilkerson et al, 2008; Jones, 2009) In the last, combating deviant and counterproductive workplace behaviours can be costly and very much time consuming but organisations are in a much predicted position of minimising these behaviours through identifying the main factors and taking actions in reducing it, which would thus increase the organisational performance, workplace environment and the overall success.

Wednesday, November 13, 2019

Avian Song Control :: Birds Bird Neorology Essays

Avian Song Control Bird songs continue to fascinate neurobiologists and neuroethologists because the development of song has been a popular model used to examine the role of environment on behavior. In most species, only male birds sing complex songs. Their vocalizations are the result of sexual dimorphism in the brain regions responsible for the production of song. However, this behavior is not genetically hardwired into the avian brain. Certain conditions must exist in order for male birds to successfully produce their species-specific song. Additionally, the neuronal circuitry and structure of the avian song system shows high levels of plasticity. If the brain and behavior are indistinguishable, then the structural differences in the avian brain are responsible for behavioral differences across the sexes. Nottebohm and colleagues identified six anatomically distinct regions of the forebrain involved in the production of song, which are arranged into two independent pathways, the posterior pathway, which controls song production, and the anterior pathway, which controls song learning. The collective unit is typically referred to as the vocal control region (VCR) (1) (2). Female birds sing rarely and this behavioral difference is reflective of the anatomy of the female avian brain. There are significant differences in the size of three neural areas involved in the production of song across the sexes, and a specific area, Area X, is present in the male and absent in the female. Additionally, the incorporation of radiolabeled testosterone in certain locations is different in males and females (3) (4). Scientists have been particularly interested in the origin of the structural differences in male and female songbirds. Research has suggested the importance of gonadal hormones, specifically testosterone in the production of song. It was observed that castration eliminated all song production (5). Additionally, when testosterone levels are low, there is not only a decrease in the production of song, but also a decrease in the size of some nuclei involved in song production (6). Further support for the necessity of testosterone for song production was demonstrated by Nottebohm (1980) when he injected female birds with testosterone, which lead to the production of song (7). This research has interesting implications regarding anatomical changes that may occur when an organism is chemically imbalanced. Disruptions in chemical equilibrium may alter brain structure and subsequently influence behavior. Nevertheless, not all research has supported the claim that testosterone is responsible for anatomical and behavioral differences between male and female songbirds. Avian Song Control :: Birds Bird Neorology Essays Avian Song Control Bird songs continue to fascinate neurobiologists and neuroethologists because the development of song has been a popular model used to examine the role of environment on behavior. In most species, only male birds sing complex songs. Their vocalizations are the result of sexual dimorphism in the brain regions responsible for the production of song. However, this behavior is not genetically hardwired into the avian brain. Certain conditions must exist in order for male birds to successfully produce their species-specific song. Additionally, the neuronal circuitry and structure of the avian song system shows high levels of plasticity. If the brain and behavior are indistinguishable, then the structural differences in the avian brain are responsible for behavioral differences across the sexes. Nottebohm and colleagues identified six anatomically distinct regions of the forebrain involved in the production of song, which are arranged into two independent pathways, the posterior pathway, which controls song production, and the anterior pathway, which controls song learning. The collective unit is typically referred to as the vocal control region (VCR) (1) (2). Female birds sing rarely and this behavioral difference is reflective of the anatomy of the female avian brain. There are significant differences in the size of three neural areas involved in the production of song across the sexes, and a specific area, Area X, is present in the male and absent in the female. Additionally, the incorporation of radiolabeled testosterone in certain locations is different in males and females (3) (4). Scientists have been particularly interested in the origin of the structural differences in male and female songbirds. Research has suggested the importance of gonadal hormones, specifically testosterone in the production of song. It was observed that castration eliminated all song production (5). Additionally, when testosterone levels are low, there is not only a decrease in the production of song, but also a decrease in the size of some nuclei involved in song production (6). Further support for the necessity of testosterone for song production was demonstrated by Nottebohm (1980) when he injected female birds with testosterone, which lead to the production of song (7). This research has interesting implications regarding anatomical changes that may occur when an organism is chemically imbalanced. Disruptions in chemical equilibrium may alter brain structure and subsequently influence behavior. Nevertheless, not all research has supported the claim that testosterone is responsible for anatomical and behavioral differences between male and female songbirds.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Mr collins proposal to elizabeth Essay

How does Austen use humour to portray Mr Collins and his proposal? Austen presents Mr Collins to be the most unwillingly comical character in the whole novel through his extreme idiocy and pomposity. From Austen’s description of Mr Collins it is clear that he is self satisfied, proud and serious. â€Å"Mingling with a very good opinion of himself, of his authority as a clergyman†. This shows that although Mr Collins isn’t in a extremely high position in society he is proud of who he is and perhaps thinks himself to be more important than what he is in reality. In terms of physical appearance, Mr Collins is shorter than Darcy which could suggest that he has a weaker chance of marrying Elizabeth, as Darcy is more powerful and serious. Mr Collins isn’t presented as a purposely comical character, but rather the opposite, he is always serious in every situation and is often blinded by his own ego to see that people often mock him. Mr Collin’s proposal to Elizabeth is one of the most humorous points in the novel, which reflects his personality due to the fact that Austen presents it in a ironically humorous way. The first instance of irony is that Collins mistakes Elizabeth’s unwillingness to be left in the room alone with himself as ‘modesty’ and shyness when in actual fact she Just finds the whole situation uncomfortable. Another example of irony is when Mr Collins assumes that all young ‘modest’ girls refuse a proposal from men that they intend to accept, â€Å"l know it to be the established custom of your sex to reject a man on the first application†, and so takes Elizabeth’s refusal speech as encouragement and continues to persuade her with his literate proposal. This highlights how clueless and arrogant Mr Collins is as he has the audacity to continue with his proposal ignoring all sense of ridiculousness, and in a way patronises Elizabeth as he suggests that he knows how all young ladies act, and doesn’t take her response seriously which reinforces how unromantic and scripted the proposal is. The words â€Å"your sex† indicate how domineering men were at the time, and he almost contradicts himself as earlier he states that he singled Elizabeth out, but then however goes on to group the whole â€Å"sex† together suggesting that omen are all exactly the same. Mr Collins speaks of passion and love for Elizabeth as though he is reading a list or quoting something. The proposal is clearly unromantic and literate when Mr Collins begins listing his reasons for wanting to marry. â€Å"My reasons for marrying are, first that I think it a right thing for every clergyman in easy circumstances (like myself) to set the example of matrimony in his parish, secondly,†. This shows that marriage for Mr Collins is simply a convenience rather than emotion, opposed to Elizabeth who elieves marriage is based on true love, and so his proposal becomes even more un realistic and comical as their views are so different. The line â€Å"for coming into Hertfordshire with the design of selecting a wife† suggests that Mr Collins created a plan for his proposal before hand, and suggests that he chose Elizabeth purely shows the dominance of men at the time as women were almost like a prize that they selected. Although Mr Collins is trying to convince Elizabeth into marriage, he suggests that she ‘almost’ his first choice when in actual fact he had planned to arry Jane. In contrast to this, he then goes on to say â€Å"but before I am run away with by my feelings on this subject†. This makes the situation more humorous as Mr Collins is clearly contradicting and humiliating himself as his earlier actions show that his need for marriage is not based on ‘feelings’ and that he may not have any romantic feelings towards Elizabeth at all. Elizabeth’s reaction to Mr Collins reaction is perhaps what makes the whole situation more humorous. Firstly, she does the unthinkable and refuses him, â€Å"l am perfectly erious in my refusal†, which would have been out of the ordinary and frowned upon in society at the time. The word â€Å"serious† shows how independent she is which was strange at the time as women were almost in possession of a man and you were only as good as the man you married. Strangely, Elizabeth finds the whole situation humorous, and slightly entertaining as he is so pompous and self- righteous that she cant help but laugh. â€Å"Made Elizabeth so near laughing that she could not use the short pause he allowed her to stop him further†. Instead of stopping Mr Collins, she inds the whole situation overly awkward as she is aware of the total incompatibility of each other, in comparison to Mr Collins who is totally unaware of the fact that he looks ridiculous and so continues, hoping to impress Elizabeth. As Mr Collins continues on, Elizabeth begins to get frustrated as she tried to subtly suggest that his idea of marriage would never work, however Mr Collins stays persistent. â€Å"It was absolutely necessary to interrupt him now’. This is humorous as it shows how self obsessed Mr collins is as he thinks of himself too highly and believes that he is orthy of every woman, which is why he is so shocked when Elizabeth assures him that she is rejecting his proposal. â€Å"l am persuaded that when sanctioned by the express authority of both your excellent parents, my proposals will not fail of being acceptable†. The reader may petty or sympathise with Mr Collins as his inability to understand and pride could pass off to be innocence, which suggests he has no idea on the matter of marriage and love even though he speaks like he does. Mr Collins often elaborates in situations thinking himself to be the epitome of elegance, in ontrast to Elizabeth who stays silent and offers mere responses to his proposal. This is humorous as it highlights how shocked Elizabeth is at Mr Collins arrogance and reinforces their total incompatibility. To conclude, Austen successfully portrays a humorous scene which reflects the unwillingly comical character of Mr Collins. She does this using ironic humour, and in particular makes Elizabeth’s response to the situation much less elaborate than the proposal itself, which shows how idiotic and narrow minded she views Mr Collins to be.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Analysis of the Possible Effects of the Caste System

In this modern day and age, many countries are moving towards globalization. With the current changes and improvement in technology, people easily share and exchange goods, products and services for economic and social development. A lot of opportunities are given to many people so they can take part in globalization and uplift their living. However, there are still countries that seem to lag behind because of their internal problems in regards to inequalities. India with regards to its present global profile is seen to be one of the rising economic powers in the world.In spite of its vast supply of labor especially the skilled workers, this country still remain a low-income one and poverty is still a big issue. This said problem is considered a result of its caste system. The Caste system divides people of India into four groups. This system decides for Indian people what they should do for living for their entire life. The Caste system did help the Indian society to be structured a nd organized. However, the system in the modern days was only an obstacle for India. It is considered as one of the most dehumanizing systems the world.The caste system is making a big gap between the rich and the poor. The extent of and trends in inequalities and poverty in India affects global trends because of its large population size and majority of its population fall under the poverty line. Due to globalization with the mass improvement of transportation and communication, nations are competing against other nations of the entire world. In a modern society, where time and resource are truly valued, the Caste system has held back India by wasting some incredibly talented individuals of lower caste.This system has made the poor suffer most. They were stripped of an opportunity to learn and be employed on bigger companies. This said situation has further led to the marginalization of the already marginalized people. With the growth of India’s gross national product, still the labor force in agriculture remains too high while those in the manufacturing sector are low. There is no doubt that a striking feature of India’s growth performance in the past years has been the growth of the services sector like IT, software and BPO industries.There is no doubt that India has employed millions of people for this industry but as impressive as the figure seems, it is too small if they are seen against the overall size of the country’s labor force. Employment is the service sector still lags behind. Additionally, employment is only concentrated in a few large cities and very few people from the rural and poor area find jobs in this sector because they lack the required skills. In other countries, the service sector tends to gain a larger share of employment.The rising of globalization has made people move from one place to another easily. Also education has also helped people disregard gender and social inequalities. If India would remain strict on recognizing the caste system, it will pose a threat for them in the future. The world is one, and how a nation deals with its immigrants is really important for the future of the nation. Many people now are intolerant to inequalities and discrimination. Therefore, India may be losing investors or possible capitalists just because of the system.The Caste system cannot make India a stable country anymore, since there is no spot in the system for immigrants to India. India should not lose what it was built for and based on. However, they should be really careful. The caste system may give birth to possible social unrest that may dismay or discourage other people to go to their country. This social blindness can be cured only when there is the realization that all people are created equal and have equal intrinsic value and worth.